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Gangnam Style

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"Gangnam Style"
Gangnam Style Official Cover
Template:Infobox song/link by Psy
from the EP Psy 6 (Six Rules), Part 1
ReleasedJuly 15, 2012 (2012-07-15)
Recorded2011–2012
Genre
Length3:39
Label
  • YG
  • Universal Republic
  • School Boy
Songwriter(s)
Producer(s)
  • Park Jae-sang
  • Yoo Gun-hyung
  • Yang Hyun-suk
Psy singles chronology
"Korea"
(2012) 		"Gangnam Style"
(2012) 		"Gentleman"
(2013)
Template:Extra album cover

Template:Audio sample

Template:External music video

Template:Infobox Korean name

"Gangnam Style" (Template:Lang-ko, Template:IPA-ko) is a K-pop song by South Korean rapper Psy, released on July 15, 2012, by YG Entertainment as the lead single of his sixth studio album, Psy 6 (Six Rules), Part 1 (Ssai Yukgap Part 1). The term "Gangnam Style" is a Korean neologism that refers to a lifestyle associated with the Gangnam District of Seoul.

"Gangnam Style" debuted at number one on South Korea's Gaon Chart, receiving mixed to positive reviews, with praise for its catchy beat and Psy's amusing dancing and during live performances in various locations around the world in its music video.

The song and its music video went viral in August 2012 and have influenced popular culture worldwide. In the United States, "Gangnam Style" peaked at number two on Billboard Hot 100. By the end of 2012, "Gangnam Style" had topped the music charts of more than 30 countries including Australia, Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Russia, Spain, and the United Kingdom. Psy's dance in the music video itself became a cultural phenomenon.

In September 2012, "Gangnam Style" was recognized by Guinness World Records as the first YouTube video to hit 1 billion views. It subsequently won Best Video at the MTV Europe Music Awards held that year. It became a source of parodies and reaction videos by many different individuals, groups, and organizations. On December 21, 2012, "Gangnam Style" became the first YouTube video to reach 1 billion views.[7] As of July 15, 2022, the song's music video has more than 4.48 billion views,[8] and was the most viewed video on YouTube from November 24, 2012, when it surpassed the music video for "Baby" by Justin Bieber featuring Ludacris,[9] to July 10, 2017, when it was itself surpassed by the music video for "See You Again" by Wiz Khalifa featuring Charlie Puth.[10]

Its dance was attempted by political leaders such as British Prime Minister David Cameron and United Nations Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon, who hailed it as a force for world peace.[11] On May 7, 2013, at a bilateral meeting with South Korea's President Park Geun-hye at the White House, US President Barack Obama cited the success of "Gangnam Style" as an example of how people around the world are being "swept up" by the Korean wave of culture.[12]

Background and release[]

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Reception[]

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Music video[]

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Music video[]

Main article: Gangnam Style (music video)
Psy with the Gangnam Style logo

Psy with the Gangnam Style logo

The video starts out with Psy, who is lounging at what looks like a sandy beach, under a sun umbrella and holding a cold drink, but the camera zooms out to reveal he is actually at a playground.[13] The video then alternates between the playground, where a boy (Hwang Min-woo) dances next to him; and a row of horses, who are in stalls, where Psy performs his signature "invisible horse dance."[14] As Psy (and two women) walk through a parking garage, they are pelted by pieces of newspaper, trash, and snow.[15] At a sauna, he rests his head on a man's shoulder, dressed in blue, while another man covered in tattoos is stretching. He then sings in front of two men (then labelmates under YG Entertainment, BIG BANG's Daesung and Seungri, dressed as older men) playing Janggi (Korean chess), dances with a woman at a tennis court, and bounces around on a tour bus of seniors. The scenes alternate quickly until there is an explosion near the chess players, causing them to dive off the bench. Psy immediately walks toward the camera, pointing and shouting "Oppa Gangnam Style." The chorus starts as he and some dancers perform at a horse stable. He dances as two women walk backwards. He dances at the tennis court, a carousel, and the tour bus. He shuffles into an outdoor yoga session and on a boat. The camera zooms in on a woman's butt, then shows Psy "yelling" at it.[15][16]

The chorus ends and he is seen in a parking garage, where Psy is approached by a man (Yoo Jae-suk) in a yellow suit who steps out of a red Mercedes-Benz SLK 200; they have a dance duel. Psy then appears in an elevator underneath a man (Noh Hong-Chul) who is straddling him and thrusting his pelvis. The man in the yellow suit then gets in his car and leaves. The camera pans and it shows Psy in the subway station, where he boards the train and notices Hyuna (who would have her own version of the song) dancing. At one of the train stops, he approaches the girl in slow motion, and she approaches him. They start to embrace. He then tells the girl "Oppa Gangnam Style," and they horse dance along with some other dancers at the train stop, commencing the second chorus. He also surfaces from a spa hot tub.[15] In the Rolling Stone interview, Psy says he copied the spa surfacing scene from Lady Gaga's video ("Poker Face").[16]

Psy sings to the girl at a night club as people in various costumes walk behind them. He raps in a serious tone in an enclosed space, but when he says "You know what I'm saying" the camera zooms out, and it is revealed that he is actually sitting on a toilet with his pants down.[15] Psy, the girl and the group of people in costumes do the horse dance and strike a final pose. After a brief reprise of the dance duel, Psy says, "Oppan Gangnam style", and the video finishes with a cartoon graphic.

Production[]

The music video is directed by Cho Soo-hyun, who also directed the MV for Psy's follow-up single "Gentleman" and the MV for "This Love" by Shinhwa.[17] It shows Psy performing a comical horse-riding dance and appearing in unexpected locations around the Gangnam District, such as an outdoor yoga session and a hot tub. He wears several distinctive suits and black sunglasses with a mindset of "dress classy and dance cheesy."[18] It features a "skewering [of] the Gangnam image" by the "non-Gangnam Psy"; this parody would be recognizable to viewers familiar with Korean culture.[19][20] Although there are more than ten different locations featured, only two of the scenes are actually filmed in the Gangnam district. The sauna scene, elevator scene, and bathroom scene were filmed elsewhere in the greater Seoul region,[21] and some shots were filmed in World Trade Center Seoul and the Songdo International Business District, which includes Songdo Central Park and International Business District Station.[22] The video was shot over 48 hours in July 2012.[15][16]

In K-pop, it is routine to have cameos by celebrities in a music video, such as in the dance scenes in the elevator and the parking garage.[13] The guests in the music video include:

  • 4Minute member Hyuna, who dances in the subway car and attracts Psy's attention.[16][20]
  • BIG BANG's Daesung and Seungri, who are dressed as older men playing Janggi on a bench behind Psy.
  • Hwang Min-woo, a 7-year-old boy who dances at the beginning of the video. During an interview with CNN, Psy stated that "the night before the music video shoot, I was watching Korea's Got Talent and saw him dance to Michael Jackson. His moves were ridiculous. So we called him up and asked him to be in the music video, which was shooting the very next day, and he came and it all worked out."[23][16] He has been praised for his eye-catching dance moves that have received a lot of attention from viewers.[24][25]
  • Comedian/television personality Korea's Nation emcee Yoo Jae-suk, who engages in a dance duel with Psy.[16][20]
  • Comedian/television personality Noh Hongchul, who does his trademark pelvis-thrusting dance in an elevator while Psy raps underneath him.[16][20]

Viral spread[]

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Following its July 15 release, "Gangnam Style" overtook Carly Rae Jepsen's "Call Me Maybe" to reach the number one position on the YouTube Top 100 Music Videos during the week of August 28, 2012.[26][27] On September 1, 2012, it overtook Girls' Generation's "Gee" to become the most viewed K-pop video on YouTube.[28] Although "Call Me Maybe" had unusually strong staying power, averaging over 1.5 million views each day, "Gangnam Style" increased to an average of over nine million views per day within just two months. This was mainly because "Call Me Maybe" remained largely a North American trend, whereas the popularity of "Gangnam Style" was not confined to the United States.[29] 61.6 percent of viewers were male, and those aged between 13 and 17 represented the biggest group.[30]

According to The Wall Street Journal, T-Pain was among the first to have "sent [the video] to the stratosphere" when he tweeted about it on July 29, 2012.[31][32] It was then picked up by Neetzan Zimmerman from the social blog Gawker, who asked "Did this underground Hip Hop artist from South Korea just release the Best Music Video of the Year?"[33] on July 30. This was soon followed by Robbie Williams,[34] Britney Spears,[35] Katy Perry,[36] Tom Cruise,[37] Joseph Gordon-Levitt,[38] and William Gibson,[39] who either commented about or shared the video with their fans via Twitter.

The earliest video to catch the attention of media networks outside South Korea was "Psy Gangnam Style MV Reaction," which was uploaded by Katie and Mindy Anderson on July 18, 2012. The Andersons were subsequently interviewed by Evan Ramstad from The Wall Street Journal a few weeks later.[40] In his article published on August 6, 2012, Ramstad also included "Kpop Music Mondays : PSY Gangnam Style," a review and parody of "Gangnam Style" uploaded on July 23 by K-pop video bloggers Simon and Martina Stawski, a Canadian couple living in Seoul. This makes the Stawskis' video the earliest parody featured in an American newspaper.[31] On August 8, 2012, Ramstad appeared on WSJ Live, and he mentioned the Andersons and the Stawskis again, before claiming that "a lot of Koreans are also making their own parodies of 'Gangnam Style.'"[41]

On September 3, 2012, the number of daily views generated by "Gangnam Style" went past the 5-million mark.[42] By the end of September, it had topped the iTunes charts in 31 countries.[43]

"Gangnam Style" reached the unprecedented milestone of 1 billion YouTube views on December 21, 2012. YouTube specially marked the video's accomplishments with a cartoon dancing Psy animated icon, added first by the site logo,[44] and later next to the video's view counter when it exceeded 1 billion views.[45] On April 6, 2013, the video on YouTube reached 1.5 billion views.[46] On July 5, 2013, the view counter updated with 1,710,619,528 views, which was 15 million higher than same time the previous day. This increased the average number of views per day from 4,787,807 to 4,818,647 (views divided by the number of days since release).

As of March 2022, the video is the eleventh most viewed video on YouTube,[47] having reached 4.4 billion views.[48]

Cultural impact[]

Main article: Gangnam Style in popular culture

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Social[]

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Political and environmental activism[]

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Other parodies and covers[]

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Live performances[]

Asia[]

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Australia[]

In early October 2012, Psy travelled to Sydney, Australia, and performed "Gangnam Style" on The X Factor, a reality TV music competition, where Melanie Brown joined him in performing the "horse dance" on stage.[49] The following day, he performed on breakfast TV show Sunrise in Martin Place, Sydney.[50]

Europe[]

Psy's first public performance in Europe was on November 5, 2012, in France, where he and 20,000 fans danced "Gangnam Style" in front of the Eiffel Tower in Paris during a flashmob organized by NRJ Radio.[51] Then, he traveled to Oxford and performed a short rendition of "Gangnam Style" with students from the Oxford Union, before moving on to the Yalding House in London where he danced "Gangnam Style" with the BBC's radio DJ Scott Mills.[52] Shortly afterward, Psy left for Cologne and met up with the German comedian and television host Stefan Raab during the popular late-night show TV total, where Psy gave an interview and performed "Gangnam Style" for Raab.[53] During the 2012 MTV Europe Music Awards held in Frankfurt on November 11, Psy delivered a performance of "Gangnam Style" which featured a David Hasselhoff appearance and backup dancing of Psy look-alikes.[54]

In early 2013, Psy returned to France for the 2013 NRJ Music Awards at the Palais des Festivals et des Congrès in Cannes, where he began performing "Gangnam Style" on the red carpet before finishing the rest of the choreography on stage and leaving the ceremony with three awards.[55]

North America[]

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South America[]

During the five-day Carnival in Rio attended by more than 5 million people, Psy performed "Gangnam Style" with singers Claudia Leitte and Gilberto Gil to mark the 50th anniversary of Korean immigration to Brazil.[56]

Legacy[]

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Track listing[]


Digital download[57]
No.TitleLength
1."Gangnam Style (강남스타일)"3:39



Digital download – 2 Legit 2 Quit Mashup[58]
No.TitleLength
1."Gangnam Style / 2 Legit 2 Quit Mashup" (featuring MC Hammer)3:57



Digital download – Remix EP[59]
No.TitleLength
1."Gangnam Style (강남스타일)" (featuring 2 Chainz and Tyga) (Diplo Remix)3:25
2."Gangnam Style (강남스타일)" (Afrojack Remix)6:05
3."Gangnam Style (강남스타일)" (Afrojack Remix) (Instrumental)3:25
4."Gangnam Style (강남스타일)" (Instrumental)3:39
Total length:16:34



CD single
No.TitleLength
1."Gangnam Style (강남스타일)"3:39
2."Gangnam Style (강남스타일)" (Music Video)4:13
Total length:7:52

Accolades and records[]

Awards and nominations[]

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Records attained[]

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Year-end media picks[]

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Miscellaneous[]

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Chart performance[]

South Korea[]

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Oceania[]

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Europe[]

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North America[]

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iTunes Music Video Charts[]

On August 21, 2012, "Gangnam Style" charted number one on the iTunes Music Video Charts, overtaking Justin Bieber's "As Long as You Love Me" and Katy Perry's "Wide Awake"; this feat was the first for any South Korean artist.[60] From September 8, 2012, to February 23, 2013, the song has also peaked and stayed at number one on Billboard's YouTube Chart for 22 weeks, until being surpassed by "Stay" by Rihanna for one week; as of April 2013, it had reclaimed its top position for a 30th week.[61]

Charts[]

Weekly charts[]

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Year-end charts[]

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Decade-end charts[]

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Sales and certifications[]

Certifications and sales for "Gangnam Style"
Region Certification Certified units/sales
Template:Certification Table Entry/RegionTemplate:Certification Cite Ref 10× Platinum Template:Certification Table Entry/SalesTemplate:Certification Table Entry/Foot
Template:Certification Table Entry/RegionTemplate:Certification Cite Ref 2× Platinum Template:Certification Table Entry/SalesTemplate:Certification Table Entry/Foot
Template:Certification Table Entry/RegionTemplate:Certification Cite Ref 2× Platinum Template:Certification Table Entry/SalesTemplate:Certification Table Entry/Foot
Template:Certification Table Entry/RegionTemplate:Certification Cite Ref 4× Platinum 502,000[62]
Template:Certification Table Entry/RegionTemplate:Certification Cite Ref Platinum Template:Certification Table Entry/SalesTemplate:Certification Table Entry/Foot
Template:Certification Table Entry/RegionTemplate:Certification Cite Ref Gold 9,025Template:Certification Cite Ref
France Template:Sdash 348,000[63]
Template:Certification Table Entry/RegionTemplate:Certification Cite Ref 5× Gold Template:Certification Table Entry/SalesTemplate:Certification Table Entry/Foot
Template:Certification Table Entry/RegionTemplate:Certification Cite Ref 3× Platinum Template:Certification Table Entry/SalesTemplate:Certification Table Entry/Foot
Template:Certification Table Entry/RegionTemplate:Certification Cite Ref 4× Platinum Template:Certification Table Entry/SalesTemplate:Certification Table Entry/Foot
South Korea (Gaon) Template:Sdash 4,041,000[64]
Template:Certification Table Entry/RegionTemplate:Certification Cite Ref Platinum Template:Certification Table Entry/SalesTemplate:Certification Table Entry/Foot
Template:Certification Table Entry/RegionTemplate:Certification Cite Ref 4× Platinum Template:Certification Table Entry/SalesTemplate:Certification Table Entry/Foot
Template:Certification Table Entry/RegionTemplate:Certification Cite Ref 3× Platinum Template:Certification Table Entry/SalesTemplate:Certification Table Entry/Foot
Template:Certification Table Entry/RegionTemplate:Certification Cite Ref 2× Platinum 1,300,000[65]
Template:Certification Table Entry/RegionTemplate:Certification Cite Ref 5× Platinum Template:Certification Table Entry/SalesTemplate:Certification Table Entry/Foot
Template:Certification Table Entry/RegionTemplate:Certification Cite Ref
Video Single 		5× Platinum Template:Certification Table Entry/SalesTemplate:Certification Table Entry/Foot

* Sales figures based on certification alone.
^ Shipments figures based on certification alone.
‡ Sales+streaming figures based on certification alone.

Release history[]

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"Oppa Is Just My Style"[]

"Oppa Is Just My Style"
Gangnam Style (Hyuna Version) Cover
Template:Infobox song/link by Hyuna and Psy
ReleasedAugust 14, 2012 (2012-08-14)[66]
Label
  • YG
  • Universal Republic
Songwriter(s)
  • Yoo Gun Hyung
  • Psy
Producer(s)Yang Hyun-seok
Hyuna single singles chronology
"Trouble Maker"
(2011) 		"Oppa Is Just My Style"
(2012) 		"Ice Cream"
(2012)
Template:External music video

Template:Infobox Korean name

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See also[]

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  • Gangnam Style in popular culture
  • World Digital Song Sales
  • List of best-selling singles
  • List of best-selling singles in Australia
  • List of best-selling singles in South Korea
  • List of best-selling singles in the United States
  • List of million-selling singles in the United Kingdom
  • List of top hit singles (Youtube 100)

References[]

Template:Refs

External links[]

Template:Commonscat

  • TBA
  • TBA
  • TBA
  • Kirsten Acuna: [TBA Here's the English Translation of "Gangnam Style"], Business Insider, September 19, 2012

Template:Gangnam Style Template:Psy Template:Hyuna Template:Gaon Digital Chart's number-one song of the year Template:Golden Disc Award Grand Prize Winners Template:Melon Music Award for Song of the Year Template:Mnet Asian Music Award for Song of the Year Template:MTV Europe Music Award for Best Video Template:Street dance

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  1. ↑ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Fisher, Max. "Visual music: How 'Gangnam Style' exploited K-pop's secret strength and overcame its biggest weakness". The Washington Post. Text "urlTBA" ignored (help); |access-date= requires |url= (help)
  2. ↑ Cochrane, Greg (January 10, 2012). [TBA Gangnam Style the UK's first K-pop number one]. BBC.
  3. ↑ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.[TBA "'Gangnam Style' Sees Veteran Singer Psy Leapfrog K-Pop Bands"] Check |url= value (help). The Chosun Ilbo. August 13, 2012. Retrieved June 13, 2015.
  4. ↑ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Wood, Mikael (December 31, 2012). [hTBA "Psy threatens to retire 'Gangnam Style' on New Year's Eve"] Check |url= value (help). Los Angeles Times. Retrieved June 13, 2015.
  5. ↑ [TBA Psy (Gangnam Style) - 'kẻ tâm thần' một lần vụt sáng rồi chợt tắt] (vi) (November 27, 2018).
  6. ↑ [TBA Rap Songs 2012-10-20] (October 1, 2012).
  7. ↑ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Gruger, William (December 21, 2012). [TBA "PSY's 'Gangnam Style' Video Hits 1 Billion Views, Unprecedented Milestone"] Check |url= value (help). Retrieved December 21, 2012. Cite magazine requires |magazine= (help)
  8. ↑ [TBA PSY – GANGNAM STYLE (강남스타일) M/V].
  9. ↑ [TBA PSY's 'Gangnam Style' Now Most-Watched YouTube Video of All Time] (November 24, 2012).
  10. ↑ [TBA 'See You Again' Breaks Record for Most-Viewed YouTube Video of All Time]. ABC News Internet Ventures (July 12, 2017).
  11. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named france24
  12. ↑ [TBA Remarks by President Obama and President Park of South Korea in a Joint Press Conference]. whitehouse.gov (May 7, 2013).
  13. ↑ 13.0 13.1 Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Fisher, Max (August 23, 2012). [TBA "Gangnam Style, Dissected: The Subversive Message Within South Korea's Music Video Sensation"] Check |url= value (help). The Atlantic. Atlantic Media Company. Retrieved September 17, 2012.
  14. ↑ Error on call to Template:cite web: Parameters url and title must be specified. University of Pennsylvania (September 27, 2012). “The signature move of the video has been called the 'invisible horse dance' because it mimics a bouncing/riding movement with hand gestures of alternating holding reigns and lassoing.”
  15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 15.2 15.3 15.4 Garibaldi, Christina (September 17, 2012). [TBA Psy Breaks Down Greatest Assets of 'Gangnam Style']. MTV News.
  16. ↑ 16.0 16.1 16.2 16.3 16.4 16.5 16.6 Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Knopper, Steve (September 14, 2012). [TBA "Breaking down Psy's 'Gangnam Style'"] Check |url= value (help). Rolling Stone. Retrieved September 19, 2012.
  17. ↑ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Hong, Grace Danbi (May 8, 2013). [TBA "Fujii Mina to be Shinhwa's Lady in 'This Love' MV"] Check |url= value (help). enewsWorld. CJ E&M. Retrieved May 8, 2013. Check |archive-url= value (help)
  18. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named EllenDeGenPsy
  19. ↑ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Surh, Jung-min (August 8, 2012). [TBA "'Gangnam style' goes viral"] Check |url= value (help). The Hankyoreh. Hankyoreh Newspaper Corp. Retrieved August 10, 2012.
  20. ↑ 20.0 20.1 20.2 20.3 Ramstad, Evan (August 3, 2012). [TBA What's Up with the 'Gangnam Style' Video?].
  21. ↑ [TBA There's No 'Gangnam' Seen in Psy's 'Gangnam Style' MV?!] (September 12, 2012).
  22. ↑ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.안종훈 (August 23, 2012). [TBA "싸이 '강남스타일' 뮤직비디오 촬영지 인기"] Check |url= value (help). Nocutnews (in Korean). Retrieved November 3, 2012.
  23. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named cnngo
  24. ↑ [TBA Who's the dancing kid in Psy's 'Gangnam Style' MV?]. AllKpop.com (August 29, 2012).
  25. ↑ Lee, Sungeun. [TBA 'Little Psy', 7, Grabs 'Gangnam Style' Spotlight].
  26. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Fekadu2012
  27. ↑ [TBA Charts – Music – YouTube, Most viewed videos, week of August 28, 2012]. YouTube.
  28. ↑ [TBA Popularity of Psy's 'Gangnam Style' Analyzed Realistically] (September 2, 2012).
  29. ↑ Allocca, Kevin (September 12, 2012). [TBA YouTube Trends: Gangnam Style vs Call Me Maybe: A Popularity Comparison]. YouTube.
  30. ↑ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.[TBA "Psy's 'Gangnam Style' most-viewed video on YouTube"] Check |url= value (help). Yonhap News Agency. Retrieved November 25, 2012.
  31. ↑ 31.0 31.1 Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Ramstad, Evan (September 7, 2012). [TBA "Canadians in South Korea fund expansion of popular website"] Check |url= value (help). The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved September 12, 2012.
  32. ↑ T-Pain. [TBA Words cannot even describe how amazing this video is]. Twitter.
  33. ↑ Zimmerman, Neetzan (July 30, 2012). [TBA Did This Underground Hip Hop Artist from South Korea Just Release the Best Music Video of the Year?]. Gawker Media.
  34. ↑ [TBA T-Pain, Robbie Williams, Josh Groban, and Gawker Show Love for Psy's "Gangnam Style"]. Soompi.com (August 1, 2012).
  35. ↑ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Day, Lara (September 12, 2012). [TBA "'Gangnam Style's Psy Appears on 'Ellen', Schools Britney Spears"] Check |url= value (help). The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved September 21, 2012.
  36. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named lester
  37. ↑ [TBA Tom Cruise Considering Psy as a Future Co-Star?]. CJ E&M Corporation (September 5, 2012).
  38. ↑ Error on call to Template:cite web: Parameters url and title must be specified.
  39. ↑ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Dayal, Geeta (December 15, 2012). [TBA "William Gibson on Punk Rock, Internet Memes, and 'Gangnam Style'"] Check |url= value (help). Wired. Retrieved December 20, 2012.
  40. ↑ Ramstad, Evan (August 6, 2012). [TBA 'Gangnam Style' Video Brings Attention to Fan Reaction Videos Too].
  41. ↑ [TBA How 'Gangnam Style' Went Viral] (August 8, 2012).
  42. ↑ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Jurgensen, John. [TBA "'Gangnam' Mania"] Check |url= value (help). The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved September 28, 2012.
  43. ↑ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Hicap, Jonathan M. (September 24, 2012). [TBA "Guinness World Records Declares 'Gangnam Style' as 'Most Liked' Video in YouTube History"] Check |url= value (help). Manila Bulletin. Manila Bulletin Publishing. Retrieved October 1, 2012. Check |archive-url= value (help)
  44. ↑ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Gruger, William (December 18, 2012). [TBA "'Gangnam Style' Leads YouTube's Top Trending Videos of 2012"] Check |url= value (help). Billboard. Retrieved December 24, 2012.
  45. ↑ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.[TBA "Gangnam Style hits one billion views on YouTube"] Check |url= value (help). BBC. December 21, 2012. Retrieved December 24, 2012.
  46. ↑ Choi Ji-Ye (April 6, 2013). [TBA 싸이 '강남스타일', 유튜브 15억뷰…27일만에 1억 추가]. mydaily.
  47. ↑ [TBA Top 1000 Most Viewed YouTube Videos of All Time]. YouTube.
  48. ↑ [TBA PSY - GANGNAM STYLE(강남스타일) M/V]. YouTube.
  49. ↑ Daniels, Colin (October 16, 2012). [TBA Mel B dances 'Gangnam Style' with Psy] (en-GB).
  50. ↑ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.van den Broeke, Leigh; Matheson, Matheson (October 17, 2012). [TBA "Psy goes Gangnam Style with Wolverine and fans wait for hours to see his TV performance"] Check |url= value (help). Herald Sun. Retrieved October 17, 2012.
  51. ↑ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.[TBA "Psy draws thousands to 'Gangnam Style' Paris flashmob"] Check |url= value (help). Agence France-Presse. Retrieved August 1, 2015.
  52. ↑ Brant, Emma (August 11, 2012). [TBA Psy accepts record for YouTube Gangnam Style likes]. BBC.
  53. ↑ [TBA Stefan Raab im 'Gangnam Style': Psy versetzt Stefan in Schwingung] (de). Prosieben.
  54. ↑ Wolkoff, Carly (November 12, 2012). [TBA PSY Takes Over EMA 2012 with Army of 'Gangnam Style' Clones]. MTV.
  55. ↑ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.[TBA "Psy garners three awards in France"] Check |url= value (help). AsiaOne. Retrieved January 30, 2013. The singer enjoyed much publicity from the French media. He walked the red carpet in a limousine with a group of beauties, started his Gangnam Style there and led his performance and camera team inside the concert hall to finish his choreography on stage. Check |archive-url= value (help)
  56. ↑ [TBA Psy performs 'Gangnam Style' at Rio Carnival] (February 10, 2013).
  57. ↑ [TBA iTunes (U.S.) – Music – PSY – Gangnam Style (강남스타일) – Single] (December 17, 2015).
  58. ↑ [TBA iTunes (U.S.) – Music – PSY – Gangnam Style / 2 Legit 2 Quit Mashup (feat. MC Hammer) – Single] (November 19, 2012).
  59. ↑ [TBA iTunes (U.S.) – Music – PSY – Gangnam Style (강남스타일) [Remix Style] – EP] (March 5, 2013).
  60. ↑ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Woo, Jaeyeon (August 21, 2012). [TBA "Baseball Goes Gangnam Style"] Check |url= value (help). The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved August 21, 2012.
  61. ↑ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.[TBA "The most popular songs on YouTube"] Check |url= value (help). Billboard. Retrieved February 23, 2013.
  62. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named canadasales
  63. ↑ Pure Charts:Top 100 des singles les plus vendus en France du millénaire, épisode 3 (80-71) (fr). Charts in France (26 July 2014).
  64. ↑ Sales references for "Gangnam Style":
    • [TBA Download Chart (Domestic) – 2012 (see #1)] (ko). KMCIA.
    • [TBA Download Chart (Domestic) – January 2013 (see #159)] (ko). KMCIA.
    • [TBA Download Chart (Domestic) – February 2013 (see #198)] (ko). KMCIA.
    • [TBA Download Chart (Domestic) – March 2013 (see #278)] (ko). KMCIA.
    • [TBA Download Chart (Domestic) – April 2013 (see #243)] (ko). KMCIA.
    • [TBA Download Chart (Domestic) – May 2013 (see #291)] (ko). KMCIA.
    • [TBA Download Chart (Domestic) – June 2013 (see #321)] (ko). KMCIA.
    • [TBA Download Chart (Domestic) – July 2013 (see #345)] (ko). KMCIA.
    • [TBA Download Chart (Domestic) – August 2013 (see #315)] (ko). KMCIA.
  65. ↑ Myers, Justin (May 13, 2017). [TBA Foreign language songs that got to Number 1]. Official Charts Company.
  66. ↑ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Benjamin, Jeff (August 14, 2012). [TBA "Psy Releases New 'Gangnam Style' Video"] Check |url= value (help). Billboard. Retrieved October 1, 2012.
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