Sony Pictures Imageworks Inc. is a Canadian visual effects and computer animation studio headquartered in Vancouver, British Columbia and Montreal, Quebec, with an additional office on the Sony Pictures Studios lot in Culver City, California.[2] SPI is a unit of Sony Pictures Entertainment's Motion Picture Group.[3][4]
The company has been recognized by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences with Oscars for their work on Spider-Man 2 and the animated short film The ChubbChubbs!, and received many other nominations for their work.
SPI has provided visual effects for many films; most recent include The Meg, Men in Black: International, and Spider-Man: Far From Home. They also provided services for several of director Robert Zemeckis' films, including Contact, Cast Away, The Polar Express, and Beowulf.
Since the foundation of its sister company Sony Pictures Animation in 2002, SPI would go on to animate nearly all of SPA's films, including Open Season, Surf's Up, Spider-Man: Into the Spider-Verse, and films in the Cloudy with a Chance of Meatballs, Smurfs and Hotel Transylvania franchises, in addition to animating films for other studios such as Arthur Christmas for Aardman Animations (co-produced by SPA), Storks and Smallfoot for Warner Animation Group (now known as Warner Bros. Pictures Animation), The Angry Birds Movie for Rovio Animation and its sequel (co-produced by SPA and Rovio), Over the Moon for Netflix and Pearl Studio, and The Sea Beast for Netflix Animation.
History[]
Sony Pictures Imageworks was formed in 1992 with five employees to use computers to help plan complicated scenes for live-action films.[5] Located in the former TriStar building, their first work was a previsualization for the 1993 film Striking Distance.[6]
To fill the gaps between VFX jobs, SPI decided to partake in a more profitable animation business.[7] Its first independent animated effort was the 5-minute short The ChubbChubbs! directed by Eric Armstrong. In 2002, it won the Oscar for Best Animated Short. Early Bloomer, released in 2003, was the division's second short film and originally made as a storyboarding exercise.[8] SPI completed its first feature animation project in 2006 with the release of Open Season, which was produced by sister company Sony Pictures Animation.
In 2007, SPI acquired Indian visual effects studio FrameFlow to take advantage of lower labor costs.[7][9] Renamed to Imageworks India, a modern facility was opened in Chennai a year later.Template:Cn To leverage New Mexico's tax rebates and talent base,[10] a satellite production facility was opened in 2007 in Albuquerque,[11] becoming the largest post-production operation in the state.[12] In 2010, SPI opened a production studio in Vancouver, British Columbia, in order to take advantage of the local talent pool and government film production incentives.[13] Two years later, the studio doubled its Vancouver facilities.[14] At the same time, the Albuquerque studio was closed down due to declining New Mexico's subsidies and difficulty with attracting artists to move there.[10]
In the beginning of 2014, as part of Sony's cost-cutting move, SPI transferred a portion of its technology team from its headquarters in Culver City to Vancouver.[7] By May 2014, entire headquarters and production had been moved to Vancouver, with only a small office remaining in Culver City.[15] At the same time, SPI closed down its Indian studio, laying off around 100 employees.[16] A year later, over 700 artists moved into a new 74,000-square feet headquarters in Vancouver.[17][18]
On October 6, 2023, Cartoon Brew reported that DreamWorks Animation was moving away from producing films in-house at their Glendale campus to rely more heavily on outside studios after 2024, as part of a layoff by chief operating officer Randy Lake in a series of meetings the previous month. According to the report, SPI was named as the animation service for a then-unannounced DreamWorks sequel scheduled for 2025. The film will use a "mixed production model", in which pre-production would be done in-house at DreamWorks along with approximately 50% of the asset build and one hour of production, while SPI will handle the other 50% of asset builds and 20 minutes of shot production.[19]
Technology[]
During 2009-2010, SPI made transition from traditional biased, multi-pass rendering system to a largely singlepass, global illumination system incorporating modern ray-tracing and physically based shading techniques. They have achieved that with Arnold Renderer, an unbiased stochastic ray tracer. Arnold, started in 1997 by Marcos Fajardo, was co-developed between 2004 and 2009 with SPI, where Marcos was employed, and a commercial branch is being developed by Marcos' Madrid based company Solid Angle SL (now owned by Autodesk). Arnold was used on projects such as Monster House, Cloudy with a Chance of Meatballs, 2012, Alice in Wonderland, The Smurfs, Arthur Christmas and is being used on all upcoming SPI's films.[20]
Filmography[]
Sony Pictures Imageworks has provided visual effects and digital animation for the following films:[21]
| Year | Films |
|---|---|
| 1993 | Last Action Hero In the Line of Fire So I Married an Axe Murderer Striking Distance (CGI previsualization, uncredited) Mr. Jones (titles only) Rudy (titles only) Look Who's Talking Now (CGI titles and CGI visual effects) My Life The Pelican Brief (falcon jet air to air shot) |
| 1994 | Guarding Tess (CGI titles only) Speed Wolf Blankman (CGI blankwheel screen graphics and CGI plate supervision) |
| 1995 | Hideaway Tall Tale Die Hard with a Vengeance Johnny Mnemonic (CGI cyberspace sequence) Judge Dredd (CGI additional digital compositing) The Net (CGI plane crash sequence) Virtuosity (CGI tendril animation) Money Train (CGI money train wreck sequence/CGI digital composites) Wings of Courage |
| 1996 | James and the Giant Peach The Craft The Cable Guy Phenomenon The Ghost and the Darkness Michael |
| 1997 | Anaconda Contact Starship Troopers The Postman As Good as It Gets |
| 1998 | The Replacement Killers Sphere (CGI end sequence) City of Angels Paulie The Big Hit Godzilla You've Got Mail (titles only) Patch Adams Star Trek: Insurrection |
| 1999 | Big Daddy The Astronaut's Wife (CGI alien effects) The Ninth Gate Jakob the Liar Stuart Little Snow Falling on Cedars |
| 2000 | What Planet Are You From? What Lies Beneath Hollow Man Charlie's Angels Cast Away |
| 2001 | Evolution (CGI flatworm animation sequence) America's Sweethearts Riding in Cars with Boys Harry Potter and the Sorcerer's Stone |
| 2002 | Spider-Man Men in Black II Stuart Little 2 The Tuxedo I Spy The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers |
| 2003 | Darkness Falls Anger Management Identity (CGI digital color timing) The Matrix Reloaded Hollywood Homicide Charlie's Angels: Full Throttle Bad Boys II Seabiscuit Matchstick Men The Matrix Revolutions The Haunted Mansion Big Fish Peter Pan |
| 2004 | 50 First Dates Spider-Man 2 Anchorman: The Legend of Ron Burgundy Little Black Book The Forgotten The Polar Express Christmas with the Kranks The Aviator Spanglish |
| 2005 | Cursed Bewitched Zathura The Chronicles of Narnia: The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe |
| 2006 | Click Superman Returns Monster House Open Season Last Holiday |
| 2007 | Ghost Rider Spider-Man 3 Surf's Up Blade Runner: The Final Cut (CGI visual effects enhancement)[22] The Jane Austen Book Club Beowulf I Am Legend |
| 2008 | Speed Racer You Don't Mess with the Zohan Hancock Eagle Eye Body of Lies Valkyrie |
| 2009 | Jonas Brothers: The 3D Concert Experience Watchmen G-Force Cloudy with a Chance of Meatballs Michael Jackson's This Is It 2012 |
| 2010 | Alice in Wonderland Cats & Dogs: The Revenge of Kitty Galore |
| 2011 | The Green Hornet Just Go with It Green Lantern Zookeeper Captain America: The First Avenger The Smurfs Arthur Christmas |
| 2012 | Men in Black 3 The Amazing Spider-Man Hotel Transylvania Here Comes the Boom |
| 2013 | Oz: The Great and Powerful The Smurfs 2 Cloudy with a Chance of Meatballs 2 |
| 2014 | Captain America: The Winter Soldier The Amazing Spider-Man 2 Blended Edge of Tomorrow 22 Jump Street Deliver Us from Evil Guardians of the Galaxy Fury American Sniper The Interview |
| 2015 | Pixels Hotel Transylvania 2 Concussion |
| 2016 | The Angry Birds Movie Alice Through the Looking Glass Ghostbusters Suicide Squad Storks |
| 2017 | Smurfs: The Lost Village Spider-Man: Homecoming The Emoji Movie Kingsman: The Golden Circle Jumanji: Welcome to the Jungle |
| 2018 | Hotel Transylvania 3: Summer Vacation The Meg Smallfoot Venom Spider-Man: Into the Spider-Verse |
| 2019 | Men in Black: International Spider-Man: Far From Home The Angry Birds Movie 2 Zombieland: Double Tap (Columbia Pictures CGI opening variant only) Jumanji: The Next Level |
| 2020 | Mulan Over the Moon |
| 2021 | The Mitchells vs. the Machines Vivo Spider-Man: No Way Home |
| 2022 | Hotel Transylvania: Transformania Doctor Strange in the Multiverse of Madness The Sea Beast Thor: Love and Thunder |
| 2023 | Ant-Man and the Wasp: Quantumania Guardians of the Galaxy Vol. 3 Spider-Man: Across the Spider-Verse The Spider Within: A Spider-Verse Story The Marvels |
| 2024 | Ghostbusters: Frozen Empire Red One |
| 2025 | A Minecraft Movie The Fantastic Four: First Steps The Bad Guys 2 |
| 2026 | Goat |
Television[]
- The Real Adventures of Jonny Quest ("The Edge of Yesterday")
- Stuart Little: The Animated Series (CGI animation and visual effects)
- Love, Death & Robots ("Lucky 13" and "In Vaulted Halls Entombed")
- The Falcon and the Winter Soldier ("One World, One People")
- Hawkeye (2 episodes)
- The Guardians of the Galaxy Holiday Special (TV special)
Controversy[]
In an article published by Vulture in June 2023, several animators quit Spider-Man: Across the Spider-Verse due to unstable working conditions. According to the Animation Guild, while Imageworks is associated with Sony Pictures Animation, Imageworks remains non-union.[23]
See also[]
References[]
- ↑ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Derdeyn, Stuart (September 22, 2017). "Vancouver's Sony Pictures Imageworks is on the cutting edge of VFX industry". The Vancouver Sun. Postmedia Network. Archived from the original on August 25, 2018. Retrieved August 24, 2018.
- ↑ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Bruce Constantineau (May 28, 2014). "Sony Pictures Imageworks to move head office to Vancouver". The Vancouver Sun. Archived from the original on May 31, 2014. Retrieved May 28, 2014.
- ↑ Sony Pictures - Divisions.
- ↑ Sony Pictures Imageworks.
- ↑ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Halbfinger, David M. (October 31, 2007). "Sony Said to Be Pondering Partial Sale of Movie Units". The New York Times. Archived from the original on September 12, 2014. Retrieved September 12, 2014.
- ↑ From Speed to Spidey: 20 years of VFX and animation. FX Guide (August 30, 2012).
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 7.2 Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.S. Cohen, David (January 21, 2014). "Sony Imageworks Shifting Staff From L.A. to Vancouver; Layoffs Feared". Variety. Archived from the original on October 31, 2019. Retrieved August 22, 2015.
- ↑ Tito A. Belgrave (September 8, 2003). Making Waves with Early Bloomer. CGSociety.org.
- ↑ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Sony Pictures picks up 51% in FrameFlow" (Press release). FrameFlow via The Economic Times. February 20, 2007. Retrieved November 23, 2010.
- ↑ 10.0 10.1 Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Verrier, Richard (February 29, 2012). "Sony ImageWorks to Close New Mexico Viz Effects Unit". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on December 8, 2015. Retrieved August 22, 2015.
- ↑ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content."Albuquerque Studios Sees Special Effects of SONY Imageworks Deal in New Mexico" (Press release). Albuquerque Studios via PRWeb. May 20, 2007. Retrieved November 23, 2010.
- ↑ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Kamercik, Megan (February 29, 2012). "Sony Pictures Imageworks to leave New Mexico". New Mexico Business Weekly. Archived from the original on February 28, 2014. Retrieved March 1, 2012.
- ↑ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.MacInnis, Tara (August 14, 2012). "How Sony's Vancouver studios give Canadian animators home field advantage". National Post. Retrieved August 22, 2015.
- ↑ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Etan, Vlessing (February 3, 2012). "Sony Pictures Imageworks Expands Canadian Outpost". The Hollywood Reporter. Archived from the original on September 24, 2015. Retrieved August 22, 2015.
- ↑ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.S. Cohen, David (May 29, 2014). "Sony Imageworks Moving HQ to Vancouver". Variety. Archived from the original on September 1, 2015. Retrieved August 22, 2015.
- ↑ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.S. Cohen, David (January 29, 2014). "Sony Imageworks India to Shut Down (EXCLUSIVE)". Variety. Archived from the original on January 13, 2018. Retrieved January 30, 2014.
- ↑ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Marchand, Francois (July 10, 2015). "Sony Pictures Imageworks unveils new Vancouver headquarters". The Vancouver Sun. Archived from the original on July 18, 2015. Retrieved August 22, 2015.
- ↑ 12 photos inside Sony Pictures Imageworks new downtown Vancouver HQ. Vancity Buzz (July 29, 2015).
- ↑ Dreamworks Shifting Away From In-House Production In Los Angeles; Sony Imageworks Is A New Production Partner (6 October 2023).
- ↑ Page Module:Citation/CS1/styles.css has no content.Haines, Eric (July 20, 2010). "Marcos and Arnold". Ray Tracing News. Archived from the original on November 4, 2010. Retrieved November 24, 2010.
- ↑ About. Sony Pictures Entertainment Inc..
- ↑ My journey to "Blade Runner 2049". Autodesk.
- ↑ Lee, Chris (2023-06-23). Spider-Verse Artists Say Working on the Sequel Was 'Death by a Thousand Paper Cuts' (en-us).
External links[]
Template:Sony Corp
v - e - d | ||
|---|---|---|
| Sony Pictures Animation | Open Season (2006) • Surf's Up (2007) • Open Season 2 (2008) • Cloudy with a Chance of Meatballs (2009) • Open Season 3 (2010) • The Smurfs (2011) • Arthur Christmas (2011) • The Pirates! Band of Misfits (2012) • Hotel Transylvania (2012) • The Smurfs 2 (2013) • Cloudy with a Chance of Meatballs 2 (2013) • Hotel Transylvania 2 (2015) • Goosebumps (2015) • Open Season: Scared Silly (2015) • Smurfs: The Lost Village (2017) • The Emoji Movie (2017) • The Star (2017) • Peter Rabbit (2018) • Hotel Transylvania 3: Summer Vacation (2018) • Goosebumps 2: Haunted Halloween (2018) • Spider-Man: Into the Spider-Verse (2018) • The Angry Birds Movie 2 (2019) • The Mitchells vs. the Machines (2021) • Wish Dragon (2021) • Vivo (2021) • Hotel Transylvania: Transformania (2022) • Spider-Man: Across the Spider-Verse (2023) | |
| Upcoming | Fixed (TBA) | |
| Movie Land Animation Studios | The Animals in the Attic (2019) • Carmen Sandiego (2019) • Chocolate Fever (2019) • Spider-Gwen (2019) • Everest (2019) • Grossology (2019) • Bunny (2019) • Cool Girls (2020) • Las Vegas (2020) • Overwatch (2020) • Famous 5 (2021) • Animals vs. Monsters (2021) • Sushi (2021) • Marcos (2021) • Jerry and Will (2021) • Panko the Dragon (2021) • Totally Spies! (2021) • Carmen Sandiego 2 (2021) • 6teen (2021) • The Crown 2 (2021) • The Hollow (2021) • The Last Kids on Earth (2021) • Grossology 2 (2021) • Super Bowl (2021) • Tom the Hand 5 (2021) • Cool Girls 2 (2021) • The JH Movie Collection Movie: Friendsformania (2022) • Sally Bollywood (2022) • The Animals in the Attic 2 (2022) • Red (2022) • League of Techs (2022) • Voltron (2022) • Bunny: The Rise of Dylan (2022) • Ghost in the Shell (2022) • Rescue Heroes (2022) • Spider-Gwen 2 (2022) • Mira: A Hollow Story (2022) • Famous 5: A New Mystery (2022) • Tom the Hand 6 (2022) • The JH Movie Collection Movie: Homecoming (2022) • Arcane (2022) • Spy Friends (2022) • The Tibet Code (2023) • The Pencilmation Movie (2023) • Animals vs. Monsters: Most Wanted (2023) • Carmen Sandiego 3 (2023) • Need for Speed (2023) • The Hollow: A New World (2023) • Techs-Mas (2023) • Grossology: The Final Chapter (2023) • Final Fantasy (2023) • Mech Cadets (2023) • Birds 3 (2024) • Tom the Hand 7 (2024) • Baywatch (2024) • Welcome to Mumbai (2024) • Bubbles (2024) • Tomb Raider (2024) • Raise the Bar! (2024) • Agent Elvis (2024) • Kena: Bridge of Spirits (2024) | |
| Upcoming | Famous 5: Mystery Together (2024) • Coffee Run (2024) • Cool Girls in Mexico (2025) • Sally Bollywood 2 (2025) • Smash of Claws 2 (2025) • Carmen Sandiego 4 (2025) | |
| Madhouse | Memories (1995) • Metropolis (2001) • Tokyo Godfathers (2003) • Paprika (2006) • Iron Man: Rise of Technovore (2013) • Avengers Confidential: Black Widow & Punisher (2014) | |
| Aniplex / Funimation / Crunchyroll | Rurouni Kenshin: The Motion Picture (1997) • Tekkonkinkreet (2006) • Kingsglaive: Final Fantasy XV (2016) • Your Name (2016) • Sword Art Online the Movie: Ordinal Scale (2017) • Rascal Does Not Dream of a Dreaming Girl (2018) • My Hero Academia: Heroes Rising (2019) • Violet Evergarden: The Movie (2020) • Demon Slayer: Kimetsu no Yaiba – The Movie: Mugen Train (2020) • Josee, the Tiger and the Fish (2020) • Sing a Bit of Harmony (2021) • My Hero Academia: World Heroes' Mission (2021) • Sword Art Online Progressive: Aria of a Starless Night (2021) • Jujutsu Kaisen 0 (2021) • Sword Art Online Progressive: Scherzo of Deep Night (2021) • Demon Slayer: Swordsmith Village (2022) • The Quintessential Quintuplets Movie (2022) • Dragon Ball Super: Super Hero (2022) • One Piece Film: Red (2022) • Kaguya-sama: Love Is War – The First Kiss That Never Ends (2022) • That Time I Got Reincarnated as a Slime: The Movie – Scarlet Bond (2023) • Suzume (2023) • Psycho-Pass Providence (2023) • Demon Slayer: Kimetsu no Yaiba – To the Hashira Training (2024) • Rascal Does Not Dream of a Sister Venturing Out (2024) • Rascal Does Not Dream of a Knapsack Kid (2024) • Spy × Family Code: White (2024) | |
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| Upcoming | Animal Friends (2025) | |
| Co-productions | 1001 Arabian Nights (1959) • The Magic World of Topo Gigio (1961) • The Little Prince and the Eight-Headed Dragon (1963) • Hey There, It's Yogi Bear! (1964) • The Man Called Flintstone (1966) • Jack and the Beanstalk (1974) • American Pop (1981) • Heavy Metal (1981) • Care Bears Movie II: A New Generation (1986) • Pound Puppies and the Legend of Big Paw (1988) • The Swan Princess (1994) • Manuelita (1999) • Heavy Metal 2000 (2000) • The Trumpet of the Swan (2001) • Final Fantasy: The Spirits Within (2001) • Cowboy Bebop: The Movie (2001) • Eight Crazy Nights (2002) • The Triplets of Belleville (2003) • Steamboy (2004) • Final Fantasy VII: Advent Children (2005) • Monster House (2006) • Persepolis (2007) • The Dragon Deluxe (2008) • Zoos of America (2008) • The Sky Crawlers (2008) • Waltz with Bashir (2008) • Resident Evil: Degeneration (2008) • First Squad: The Moment of Truth (2009) • Planet 51 (2009) • The Illusionist (2010) • Legend of the Millennium Dragon (2011) • The Adventures of Tintin (2011) • Adventures in Zambezia (2012) • Starship Troopers: Invasion (2012) • Resident Evil: Damnation (2012) • The Angry Birds Movie (2016) • Sausage Party (2016) • The Red Turtle (2016) • Resident Evil: Vendetta (2017) • Starship Troopers: Traitor of Mars (2017) • Ruben Brandt, Collector (2019) • Tabaluga (2019) • The Barkers: Mind the Cats! (2020) • Secret Magic Control Agency (2021) • Chickenhare and the Hamster of Darkness (2022) • Resident Evil: Death Island (2023) • The Garfield Movie (2024) | |
| See also | Sony Pictures Animation (Unproduced projects) • Sony Pictures Imageworks • Movie Land Animation Studios • Panko & Panda Studios • Kumar Coca • Crunchyroll, LLC • Madhouse • Sony Pictures Television Kids • Adelaide Productions • Screen Gems Cartoons • United Productions of America | |
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| Defunct | 41 Entertainment • 4Kids Entertainment • 70/30 Productions • Adelaide Productions • Adventure Cartoon Productions • Allspark • Amblimation • Animation Collective • Animation Lab • Animation Magic • Blue Sky Studios • Bolder Media • Cambria Productions • Cartoon Pizza • Chorion • Circle 7 Animation • Cookie Jar • Copernicus Studios • Crest Animation Productions • Curious Pictures • DePatie–Freleng Enterprises • DIC Entertainment • Disneytoon Studios • DNA Productions • Famous Studios • Filmation • Fleischer Studios • Format Films • Fox Animation Studios • Funimation • Golden Films • Hanna-Barbera • HIT Entertainment • Jetlag Productions • Kanbar Animation • Kroyer Films • Laugh-O-Gram Studio • Marvel Productions • Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Animation • MGM Animation/Visual Arts • MGM Cartoons • MoonScoop • Pacific Data Images • PorchLight Entertainment • Prana Studios • Rankin/Bass Animated Entertainment • Rhythm and Hues Studios • Ruby-Spears • Saban Entertainment • Screen Gems • Skellington Productions • Soup2Nuts • Spümcø • Sullivan Bluth Studios • Sunbow Entertainment • Terrytoons • United Productions of America • Van Beuren Studios • Walter Lantz Productions • Warner Bros. Cartoons • Will Vinton Studios • Zodiac Entertainment | |
| Industry associations | The Animation Guild, I.A.T.S.E. Local 839 • ASIFA-Hollywood | |
| Awards | Academy Awards • Annie Awards • Daytime Emmy Award • Nickelodeon Kids' Choice Awards • Primetime Emmy Award | |
| History | Silent era • Golden age (World War II) • Television era • Modern era | |
| Genres | Animated Infomercial • Animated sitcom • Buddy film • Comedy-drama • Superhero fiction • Western | |
| Related topics | American comics (History of American comics • Tijuana bible) • Humorous Phases of Funny Faces • Flash animation | |
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